{"id":27,"date":"2022-08-07T20:06:25","date_gmt":"2022-08-07T20:06:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.marvak.org\/?p=27"},"modified":"2022-08-08T08:40:10","modified_gmt":"2022-08-08T08:40:10","slug":"dara-antik-kenti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.marvak.org\/?p=27","title":{"rendered":"DARA ANT\u0130K KENT\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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DARA \u0130SM\u0130N\u0130N K\u00d6KEN\u0130<\/strong>
Dara isminin k\u00f6keni hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren Evagrius, Malalas, Agapius ve Abu’lFarac gibi Antik ve Orta \u00c7a\u011f tarih\u00e7ilerinin aktar\u0131mlar\u0131na g\u00f6re; Pers Kral\u0131 III. Darius\u2019un (M\u00d6 336-330) B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019e (M\u00d6 336-323) kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015fta \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerin, sonras\u0131nda Dara olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Dara isminin k\u00f6keninin buraya dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dara isminin k\u00f6keni hakk\u0131nda 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l S\u00fcryani tarih\u00e7isi Abu\u2019l Farac (Bar Hebraeus) \u015fu \u015fekilde bahsetmektedir: 
\u201cHellen Kral\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender ile Pers Kral\u0131 Darius burada sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve Darius burada \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu nedenle de buran\u0131n ismi Dara\u2019d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KENT\u0130N KURULU\u015e A\u015eAMASI<\/strong>
Dara ismi ve kurulu\u015fu hakk\u0131ndaki en eski kaynak, M.\u00d6. 1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus\u2019un yazd\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r. Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus\u2019un kitab\u0131 ve i\u00e7indekiler hakk\u0131ndaki derlenmi\u015f bilgiler, MS 3. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Romal\u0131 tarih\u00e7i Iustinus Frontinus taraf\u0131ndan \u201cEpitome Historiarum Philippicarum Pompeii Trogi\u201d adl\u0131 kitap ile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelebilmi\u015ftir. Iustinus, Dara hakk\u0131nda bize \u015fu bilgileri aktarmaktad\u0131r: 
\u201c\u2026Arsakes Parth devletini kurdu, askerler toplad\u0131, kaleler in\u015fa etti ve kentlerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi. Zapaortenon (Masius=Turabdin) Da\u011f\u0131\u2019nda Dara diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan bir \u015fehir kurdu ki, hi\u00e7bir yer bu yerden daha g\u00fcvenli veya daha ho\u015f olamazd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc savunulmas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmayan, pozisyonu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc dik kayalar ile ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve bu yerin etraf\u0131ndaki bereketli topraklar\u0131ndan elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnleri depolan\u0131yordu. O kadar bol miktarda akarsu ile beslenen kaynaklar ve o kadar \u00e7ok a\u011fa\u00e7 vard\u0131 ki bir av\u0131n takibinin t\u00fcm hazlar\u0131 ile doluydu\u201d.
Antik kaynaklarda da belirtildi\u011fi gibi Dara\u2019n\u0131n I. Anastasius D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde (491-518) ilk kez isk\u00e2n edilmi\u015f bir yer olmay\u0131p \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nceden de isk\u00e2na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f bir yerle\u015fim yeri oldu\u011fu, kaz\u0131larda daha erken d\u00f6nemlere ait buluntular\u0131n ele ge\u00e7mesinden anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KENT\u0130N ANASTAS\u0130OPOL\u0130S \u0130S\u0130ML\u0130 B\u0130R GARN\u0130ZONA D\u00d6N\u00dc\u015e\u00dcM\u00dc<\/strong>
Roma\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemli s\u0131n\u0131r kentlerinden Nisibis\u2019in (Nusaybin) M.S. 363 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sasanilerin eline ge\u00e7mesi ve daha sonra di\u011fer \u00f6nemli kentlerden Amida\u2019n\u0131n (Diyarbak\u0131r) 502 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sasaniler taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeni ile s\u0131n\u0131r g\u00fcvenli\u011fini artt\u0131rmak isteyen Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, topraklar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in Mezopotamya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda yeni garnizon kentler olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Dara, Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatoru Anastasius taraf\u0131ndan Garnizon kent olarak se\u00e7ilmi\u015f, M.S. 503-507 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda burada in\u015fa faaliyetlerine ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anastasius, kurdu\u011fu bu \u015fehre kendi ismini (Anastasiopolis) vermi\u015f, Mezopotamya b\u00f6lgesinin y\u00f6netim ve idare merkezi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anastasius d\u00f6neminde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u00f6y yerle\u015fkesi \u00fczerine kurulan kentin, bu alana kurulmas\u0131nda, b\u00f6lgenin stratejik ve korunmaya m\u00fcsait konumda olmas\u0131, su kaynaklar\u0131na yak\u0131n ve ovaya h\u00e2kim bir noktada bulunmas\u0131 \u00f6nemli olmu\u015ftur. \u0130mparator Anastasius\u2019un kente kendi ismini vererek kenti onurland\u0131rmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, b\u00f6lge halk\u0131 Dara ismini hi\u00e7bir zaman unutmam\u0131\u015f, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar bu ismi ya\u015fatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
Sasaniler, kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda yeni bir garnizon kurulmas\u0131na tepki g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bizans imparatoru II. Theodosius (M.S. 408-450) ile Sasani Kral\u0131 II. Yezdigirt (M.S. 438-447) aras\u0131nda M.S. 441 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, her iki devlette s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgesinde askeri ama\u00e7l\u0131 istihk\u00e2mlar yapmama karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anastasius\u2019un s\u0131n\u0131r garnizonlar\u0131 kurmas\u0131 anla\u015fman\u0131n ihlali anlam\u0131na gelse de, bu d\u00f6nemde Ak Hun tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olan Sasaniler Dara\u2019da garnizon kurulmas\u0131na engel olamamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 
Dara (Anastasiopolis), I. Justinianus (M.S. 527-565) d\u00f6neminde Sasaniler taraf\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 kez ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M.S. 530\u2019da, Do\u011fu Roma (Bizans) generali Belisarius\u2019un Sasanilere kar\u015f\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zafere sahne olur. M.S. 540\u2019da Sasaniler yeniden sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7er, ancak Bizans\u2019\u0131n \u0130talyan as\u0131ll\u0131 komutan\u0131 Martin\u2019in savundu\u011fu kenti yine ele ge\u00e7iremezler. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 m\u00fccadelelerle ge\u00e7en bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, \u0130mparator I. Justinianus (M.S. 527-565) ve II. Justinus (M.S. 565-578) d\u00f6nemlerinde kentin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme ve geli\u015ftirme faaliyetleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\u00d6nemli bir co\u011frafi konuma sahip kent, Romal\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli askeri bir garnizon olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, kuzeyde Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan Kafkasya\u2019ya, g\u00fcneyde Basra K\u00f6rfezi\u2019nden Do\u011fu Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na uzanan ticaret yollar\u0131 ile k\u00fclt\u00fcrler aras\u0131 al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fin ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131nda yer almas\u0131yla da \u00f6nemli bir yerle\u015fim olma g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. 
Dara, M.S. 573-591 ve 606-620 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Sasani Devleti h\u00e2kimiyetine girmi\u015f,620\u2019den 639 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun h\u00e2kimiyetinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 640\u2019da Dara ile birlikte Kuzey Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Arap h\u00e2kimiyetine girmi\u015ftir.  10. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yeniden Do\u011fu Roma h\u00e2kimiyetine giren Dara, M.S. 1150\u2019de Artuklu Beyi Timurta\u015f taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131l\u0131p al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, Mardin Artuklu Beyli\u011fi\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 bir kent haline gelmi\u015ftir. 1251 \u2013 1259 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0130lhanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan tahrip edilen kent,  bu tarihlerden itibaren yava\u015f yava\u015f terk edilmi\u015f, 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u00f6y yerle\u015fkesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
Mevcut Dara k\u00f6y\u00fc yerle\u015fimi ise, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na dayanmakta olup, g\u00f6rkemli Roma kentinin \u00fczerinde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

KONUM<\/strong>
Mardin\u2019in 30 km g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda, Nisibis\u2019in (Nusaybin) 20 kilometre bat\u0131s\u0131nda,  Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 kilometre mesafede yer alan Dara Antik Kenti, co\u011frafi olarak Mezopotamya Ovas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bitip Tur Abidin Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde ykonumlamaktad\u0131r. Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 ana kaya \u00fczerine kurulan kent, ortas\u0131nda Antik \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da \u201cCordis\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden yirmi y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar aktif olan bir derenin, her iki yan\u0131nda yer alan kal\u0131nt\u0131lardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

DARA \u0130SM\u0130N\u0130N K\u00d6KEN\u0130Dara isminin k\u00f6keni hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren Evagrius, Malalas, Agapius ve Abu’lFarac gibi Antik ve Orta \u00c7a\u011f tarih\u00e7ilerinin aktar\u0131mlar\u0131na g\u00f6re; Pers Kral\u0131 III. Darius\u2019un (M\u00d6 336-330) B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019e (M\u00d6 336-323) kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015fta \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerin, sonras\u0131nda Dara olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Dara isminin k\u00f6keninin buraya dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dara isminin k\u00f6keni hakk\u0131nda 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l S\u00fcryani tarih\u00e7isi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,3,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ilceler","category-kultur","category-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.marvak.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.marvak.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.marvak.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.marvak.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.marvak.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.marvak.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67,"href":"http:\/\/www.marvak.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27\/revisions\/67"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.marvak.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.marvak.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.marvak.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}